Sudanese Founding Coalition Signs Transitional Constitution for 2025

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The Sudanese Founding Coalition signed the Transitional Constitution of the Republic of Sudan for 2025 on Tuesday, marking a significant step in the country’s political transition.

The constitution, signed in Nairobi, lays the foundation for a secular, democratic, and decentralized Sudan while abolishing the 2019 transitional constitutional document and all previous laws, decrees, and decisions.

The new constitution affirms the separation of religion from the state and ensures that cultural, ethnic, and regional identities remain distinct from governance. It establishes equal citizenship as the basis for rights and duties and emphasizes voluntary unity among Sudan’s diverse communities.

Under the new framework, Sudan will adopt a decentralized governance model, with power distributed across federal, regional, and local levels.

The country will be divided into eight regions, each with its own constitution, provided it aligns with the national framework. The document also guarantees a minimum 40% representation for women in the legislative authority, which will be composed of a Council of Regions and a House of Representatives.

A Presidential Council will serve as the country’s sovereign authority, comprising 15 members, including regional governors. The council will be responsible for appointing and dismissing the Prime Minister, approving key judicial and governmental positions, and overseeing national security decisions.

The Transitional Cabinet, which will not be formed based on political party quotas, will consist of a Prime Minister and up to 16 ministers, chosen based on merit and commitment to the new constitution.

A key feature of the transitional framework is the establishment of a new national army, composed of forces from the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), the Sudan People's Liberation Army, and other armed movements that signed the Founding Sudan Charter.

This army will be professionally structured, nationally inclusive, and under full civilian oversight. Additionally, all militias affiliated with the former ruling National Congress Party and the Islamic Movement will be disbanded.

The constitution mandates the formation of a neutral and independent police force and intelligence service, ensuring they operate without political or ideological affiliations.

These security institutions will focus solely on maintaining law and order, respecting human rights, and upholding the rule of law.

The transitional period will unfold in two phases: a pre-transitional phase, beginning immediately with the constitution’s enactment and lasting until a formal declaration of the end of conflicts, and a transitional founding phase, which will last for ten years after the official declaration of peace.

During this period, the Transitional Peace Government will prioritize ending wars, ensuring justice and stability, facilitating the return of displaced persons, reconstructing war-torn areas, and mobilizing national and international resources for development. The government is also tasked with completing the goals of the December Revolution, combating hate speech, and reinforcing national unity.

The signing of the Transitional Constitution of 2025 represents a turning point in Sudan’s journey toward stability, governance reform, and national reconciliation. However, its implementation will depend on the commitment of all stakeholders to uphold its principles and navigate the country’s complex transition.

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